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Reproducibility
The gold standard of science is independent replication. I've attempted to briefly track replications here - please let me know if you tried to replicate one of our experiments, and it didn't work.
Failures:
- fMRI of working memory didn't replicate in single-subject analyses; reasons might be subject size and our reliance on spatial smoothing / normalization / group average / fixed-effects.
- Striatal D1 dopamine blockade was not replicated by a well-done study from Kamada and Hata. This may have to do with with dorsomedial vs. dorsocentral effects or sample size - we'll try again in mice...
- Let me know of other attempts and failures!
Replication/Triangulation:
- Rodent medial frontal inactivation and temporal control of action: repeated replications by Xu et al 2013, Hardung et al 2017., Emmons et al. 2017, and to some extent by Buhusi et al. 2018.
- "Ramping" or climbing signals in the medial frontal cortex and striatum during interval timing: Wang et al., 2018
- Post-error firing in rodent medial frontal cortex after errors: similar activity in humans in Sheth et al., 2012 and Fu et al., 2018
- Frontal theta and post-error signals / cognitive control: Fu et al., 2018
- Hyperdirect pathways, frontal cortex and STN 4 Hz coherence: Zavala et al., 2018 and Micinovic et al., 2018
- ~4 Hz stimulation improving cognitive tasks in mice, rats, and humans: Scangos et al., 2018
- Emmons et al, 2016, 2017 describing striatal theta activity and interval timing, replicated by Suzuki and Tanaki 2019
- Let me know of other attempts!
Rigor
We are committed to rigorous and reproduciblescience. This means:
Shared datasets and code. We have been sharing data since 2010 in various forms.
Access to our papers. We also have been publishing in open-access journals such as Frontiers when possible.
Convergent evidence from multiple levels (mice, rats, humans) and multiple experimental systems (single neuron analyses / LFP / EEG, or pharmacology / genetics / virus). Samples sizes are powered by a priori analyses - even though our experiments can be costly and difficult (i.e., intracranial implants in transgenic mice or intraoperative neurophysiology).
Science is a human process, and we make mistakes. Even journals make mistakes. Hopefully, by being as open and transparent as possible we can move closer to making observations that help human disease.
Link to our lab protocols.